It would be called its definition.
There are four different types of writing: expository, persuasive, descriptive and narrative. While one could say that descriptive could describe a particular subject, craft, or occupation, descriptive writing is more for describing a character, event, or special place. Persuasive is trying to persuade your audience to think one way, and narrative is used to tell a story. Expository writing is used to communicate specific information about a particular subject, craft, or occupation.
Take it one step at a time. dont try to cram all of it at one time :)
A comma splice is where two independent clauses (complete sentences) are joined together with a comma without also including a conjunction such as "and" or "but." Sentences B and D above both contain comma splices (the comma after "century" in B and the comma after "areas" in D). D is also missing a capital letter at the beginning of the sentence. The problem in sentence C is the commas surrounding the word "however." When the word "however is used to join two independent clauses like this, it should be preceded by a semicolon and followed by a comma. In this sentence, the semicolon belongs after the word "area." The word "however" begins the second independent clause. Thus, the only correct sentence above is A.