Answer:
The programs focused on what historians refer to as the "3 Rs": relief for the unemployed and poor, recovery of the economy back to normal levels, and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression.
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It originated in Italy, mainly because most of the thinkers, artists, and scientists of this time period were Italian and large innovation was rampant across the country
The Americans wanted the British government to "redress" their grievances (or, injustices, as this sentence puts it).
