Explanation:
The Basic Steps of Endocytosis
The plasma membrane folds inward (invaginates) forming a cavity that fills with extracellular fluid, dissolved molecules, food particles, foreign matter, pathogens, or other substances.
The plasma membrane folds back on itself until the ends of the in-folded membrane meet. This traps the fluid inside the vesicle. In some cells, long channels also form extending from the membrane deep into the cytoplasm.
The vesicle is pinched off from the membrane as the ends of the in-folded membrane fuse together. The internalized vesicle is then processed by the cell.
Answer:
a. The electrons provide energy for the H+ pump to transport more H+ ions into the thylakoid space.
d. The photolysis of water releases H+ ions into the thylakoid space.
Explanation:
This question describes the first stage of photosynthesis, which is LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION. The light dependent reactions involve creating ATP (energy carrier) and NADPH (electron carrier) needed for the Calvin cycle (light independent stage) to occur.
The ATP is formed by pumping hydrogen ions (H+) into the thylakoid space/lumen, hence, creating a electrochemical gradient needed for ATP synthase to synthesize ATP. The buildup of H+ ions is caused by:
- The electrons that arise when light photons hit a chlorophyll molecule is used to provide energy for the H+ pump to transport more H+ ions into the thylakoid space.
- The photolysis of water results in the production of electrons (e-) and hydrogen ions (H+). These hydrogen ions are released into the thylakoid space.
Answer:
2 DNA molecules that are identical from each other
Answer:
Embryology
Explanation:
Embryos of different vertebrate groups are morphologically similar during the early stages of development. The closer the resemblance between the early stages of different organisms, the closer their evolutionary relationship. Such similarity suggests a common ancestry.
