theorists believe music was an attempt at social glue, a way to bring early humans together into a close-knit community, There also was a Neanderthal Flute made of bone, Nambians used a type of violin, it was a string strung around a stick like a bow and the used another stick to make tunes with the string.
The little dot next to the quarter note counts as a third beat. So it basically is an extra one quarter note... I hope this helps ;)
Sweet Caroline I'm pretty sure. It was inspired by ex-president Kennedys daughter. Was written by Neil Diamond.