The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of the Earth. The lithosphere includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of Earth's structure. It is bounded by the atmosphere above and the asthenosphere (another part of the upper mantle) below.
The north end of Earth's axis is tilted toward the sun from March 21 until September 21 ... Spring and Summer in the northern hemisphere, which includes North America.
