Despite wide recognition that speculation is critical for successful science, philosophers have attended little to it. When they have, speculation has been characterized in narrowly epistemic terms: a hypothesis is speculative due to its (lack of) evidential support. These ‘evidence-first’ accounts provide little guidance for what makes speculation productive or egregious, nor how to foster the former while avoiding the latter. I examine how scientists discuss speculation and identify various functions speculations play. On this basis, I develop a ‘function-first’ account of speculation. This analysis grounds a richer discussion of when speculation is egregious and when it is productive, based in both fine-grained analysis of the speculation’s purpose, and what I call the ‘epistemic situation’ scientists face.
False the flag is blue, white, and red.
South Asia is a region with a lot of river valleys, fertal plains, mountain ranges, harsh deserts, and tropical forests.
One way is that "they endeavor to be socially friendly and outgoing".
Femininity or otherwise called womanliness or womanhood etc. is an arrangement of characteristics, practices, and roles for the most part connected with young girls and ladies. Womanliness is socially built, yet comprised of both socially-characterized and biologically made components.
Answer:
C) the re-election of President Abraham Lincoln
Explanation:
I know because <em> get it right on usatestprep</em>
