Lightning war is best described in D.
Lightning = fast, so ‘lightning warfare’ = fast movement of armies.
B) William Taft
Both United States' Amendments were passed in William Taft's term (The 27th president), which lasted from March 4, 1909 to March 4, 1913.
The 16th Amendment, which allowed the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the various states or basing it on the United States Census, was ratified in February 1913.
The 17th Amendment, establishing the direct election of United States Senators by popular vote, was proposed by the 62nd Congress in 1912 and became part of the Constitution on April 8, 1913.