The answer is chloroplasts
Answer:
Telomerase acts to elongate the 3' end of linear DNAs.
Explanation:
The 5' ends of the linear DNA can not be replicated by DNA polymerase due to the absence of free 3' end to be elongated. This is prevented by the action of telomerase enzyme which contains both RNA and protein components. The RNA component of the telomerase is 150 nucleotides long.
The telomerase enzyme elongates the 3' end of the template strand by using its inbuilt RNA template. Since it uses an RNA template to make the DNA copies, it is a reverse transcriptase. Repeated translocation and repositioning of the enzyme elongates the 3' end of the template DNA.
The RNA primase makes the RNA primer at the end of the new telomere strand which is then elongated by DNA polymerase. DNA ligase seals the nick. In this way, telomerase serves to prevent the loss of 5' ends of linear DNA in successive rounds of DNA replication.
Artificial selection or selective breeding is a process of selecting the “advantageous” characteristics from the plants or animals by humans and using them for breeding. There are many advantages of artificial selection:
• More agricultural products, gaining higher profit (for example more milk from cow, or more fruit)
• Elimination of diseases by identifying the plants/animals with disease
• Production of superior breed.
On the other hand, negative effects might also occur, so the disadvantages of artificial selection are:
• Genetic mutations
• Loss of genes
• Diseases
All of these negative impacts are connected and often arise from the breeding of desirable organisms.
Answer:
hydroshpere and biosphere
Explanation:
it contains
hydrosphere: cleaning of water
biosphere: helps plants and animals
