Yes, it is true that Mammalian target of rapamycin pathway mutations cause hemimegalencephaly and focal cortical dysplasia.
Focal malformations of cortical development, including focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and hemimegalencephaly (HME), are important causes of intractable childhood epilepsy.
Using targeted and exome sequencing on DNA from resected brain samples and non-brain samples from 53 patients with FCD or HME, we identified pathogenic germline and mosaic mutations in multiple PI3K/AKT pathway genes in 9 patients, and a likely pathogenic variant in 1 additional patient.
Our data confirm the association of DEPDC5 with sporadic FCD but also implicate this gene for the first time in HME. Our findings suggest that modulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway may hold promise for malformation-associated epilepsy.
Learn more about mutations here : brainly.com/question/17031191
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Definitely hypotonic. isotonic wouldn't change weight and hypertonic would lose weight.
Answer
Complex barrier to the flow of substances out of the cells,and restrictions to inflow of unwanted substances into the cells. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature of the cell membrane controls the entry of substances from the extracellular medium into the intracellualr. In addition the polarity restricts certain substance movement across the walls.
Serve as the selective channels for the influx of certain substances into the cells, and the out flux of wastes.This is through ion channels for the movements of ions across.
Provide insulation to the cells,to maintain the constant internal temperature,this is through the presence of lipids as( Phospholipids and cholesterol).The latter prevent the clogging of the lipids in the cell membrane therefore preventing frozen up of the cell membrane,providing insulation.
Separation of metabolic process in the cell.
Explanation:
Cell membrane-This is present in all cells.But the variation of its constituents makes it unique to each cell. Although it performs the same role, the location and role the cells it bounded, reflects its constituents, it is made up of lipids, carbohydrate, protein and cholesterol
The salt solution is hypertonic to the plant cells. water from the plant cells seeped out. plasmolysis apply
ok so no problem i’ll is going on the same page as ttyy and
