The "rattling off my plans" one
The answer is B.
How i know? I just took the quiz and it corrected me since I myself got the question wrong.
There were several problems that the Church faced during
this period. There was the Black Death
which ravaged Europe and caused the deaths of thousands of people. There was the transfer of the Papal Seat from
Italy to Avignon, France that gave an indication that the French now had power
of over the Papal Seat. This led to
elections of various popes known as the Great Schism where there was now
conflict within the Church.
A word or phrase that modifies a word not included in the sentence is a B. dangling modifier.
For example:
Knowing that it was getting cold outside, the pizza tasted very good.