Ationalism refers to an ideology, a form of culture, or a social movement that focuses on the nation. It emphasises the collective of a specific nation. As an ideology, nationalism holds that 'the people' in the doctrine of popular sovereignty is the nation. Nationalism ultimately is based on supporting one’s own nation. African nationalism is a political movement for the unification of Africa (Pan-Africanism) and for national self-determination.
African nationalism attempted to transform the identity of Africans. Rather than seeing themselves as Zulu, Xhoasa, Sotho, etc, nationalist leaders wanted Africans to view themselves as South Africans. After World War I nationalists fostered moves for self-determination.
As a general definition, African nationalism in South Africa can be seen, broadly, as all political actions and ideological elements to improve the status, the rights and position of Africans in the emerging society imposed by white intrusion and conquest. African nationalism, in South Africa, also embraces the concept of a Pan Africanism. It is a modern phenomenon which tries to build a nation within a specific geographic area.
The ideal for South Africa among members of the African nationalist movement was a multiracial, democratic society””i.e., the broadest and most inclusive kind of nationalism - with equality and equity; there would be an end to discrimination, inequality and barriers based upon colour or race. It sought to unite all the indigenous groups in the fight for freedom and against racism and discrimination which has evolved over time to the changing conditions into an inclusive South Africanism. Its most important strand evolved into the nationalism of the African National Congress which meant the building of a non-racist, non-sexist, democratic society.
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