I am pretty sure the answer is bottom one, and the second one!
Https://15minutehistory.org/2012/12/03/episode-6-effects-of-the-atlantic-slave-trade-on-the-americas/
A. Members of political parties who expected to earn government jobs from their party's elected office holders.
The Chinese decided to enter the Korean War on November 25-26, 1950. This was an enormous shock to the American forces, as well as to the United Nations. The United States, and in particular U.S. Gen. Douglas MacArthur, believed that the Chinese would not openly enter the war. When China did provide support to North Korea, the effect was catastrophic on the American forces, leading to a great expansion of the conflict.
