Answer/Explanation:
(1) a mutation in the coding region, resulting in an inactive protein
To check to see if there is a mutation, you could extract the DNA from the cancer cells and then perform PCR to amplify the gene of interest. You could then perform sanger sequencing and compare the sequence to the normal gene to see if a mutation is present. To test the effect of the mutation, you would want to see if an active protein has been formed.
To see if a normal sized protein has been formed, you could perform a western blot, comparing the protein band to the WT protein band. If the protein is absent or much smaller, it is likely not a functional protein.
(2) epigenetic silencing at the promoter of the gene, resulting in reduced transcription.
To check for changes in the epigenetic landscape of the promoter, you could perform chromatin immunoprecipitation by extracting the chromatin from the tumour cells and using antibodies for different chromatin marks to see what has changed between the normal cells and the tumor cells. E.g. H3K9me3, H3K27me3. You would perform a pull down with the antibody of interest and then PCR for your promoter to specifically look at changes at that gene compared to normal cells. To test DNA methylation, you could perform bisulfite sequencing.
To see how transcription is affected, you could extract RNA from the tumor and normal cells, and compare the levels of RNA between the two samples by qRT-PCR
Answer:
The Eukarya differ from the Archea and Bacteria in that their cells are eukaryotic, meaning they contain a membrane enclosed nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles.
Explanation:
Answer:
As the amount of impervious paved surfaces increase, watersheds become more vulnerable to pollutants. When rains fall on a conventionally paved impervious surface, the precipitation is generally directed down storm drains, which can result in flooding and overwhelming the storm water management system.
Explanation:
25%
punnet square
dominat and recessive traits
The names of the respiratory structures involved include the following: nasal cavities (or oral cavity) > pharynx > trachea > primary bronchi (right & left) > secondary bronchi > tertiary bronchi > bronchioles > alveoli.
<h3>What is respiration?</h3>
Respiration is defined as the oxygenation of blood through the intake of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide.
The pathway of oxygen gas molecule from the surrounding air through the respiratory system to the blood include respectively the following:
- Nasal cavities (or oral cavity): This has a direct association with the outside oxygen from the environment.
- pharynx: This so also called the throat.
- trachea: This is also called the wind pipe.
- Primary bronchi (right & left): This divides from the trachea to form two bronchi.
Learn more about respiration here:
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