C) laws of universal gravitation
The excerpt provides an example of the regulating zoning responsibility of the local government. This can be proven with the definition of zoning which is; divide into or assign to zones, in particular. When compared to the example provided the definition seems to fit.
Answer:

Explanation:
After the Civil War and 13th Amendment, slavery was abolished from the United States. This left 4 million former slaves or freedmen to fend for themselves while looking for jobs, homes, and educations during the period of Reconstruction.
The Freedmen's Bureau was created by the government to help the freedmen transition. They helped tons of former slaves through meals, healthcare, labor contracts, and the building/funding of schools and colleges.
They attempted to redistribute land (choice C) but most efforts were unsuccessful and it wasn't the main purpose. It was not created for suffrage (choice B) or to help prospective politicians (choice D). This leaves choice A as the best answer.
Answer:
opposing the collectivization of land
Explanation:
The Kulaks were the peasants that were the most prosperous, that new and put in a lot of effort to develop their land, gain more land, and become wealthier because of it. The Soviets though didn't fancied this, as their policy was that everyone should have the same amount of land, and that collectivization should be done to the land. The Kulaks of course opposed this, as they worked very hard to develop and buy their land and cattle, and now they had to give it up tot he others that were less capable than them just because Stalin ordered so. Stalin was not a man that liked to be opposed, so in order to perform the collectivization without any problem, he ordered the deportation and elimination of the Kulaks. The end result was millions of people ending up dead, which were also the most capable people in the rural areas, and that made a big long-term damage to the agriculture and economy of the Soviet Union.