You have two options depending on context:
1) If it's a quick exchange and can be figured out in context, put the foreign language in italics.
"As-tu le livre?"
"Yes, I have the book here."
or inline:
"You filthy p'taQ!" B'Elanna snarled.
2) If it's a quick exchange without context, put the translation afterwards and italicize that.
"Pour ma peine, ma punition, je tourne en rond," he sighed. For my pain, for my punishment, I pace in circles. Now Picard understood.
inline:
"Qa'pla!" Successs! the Klingon shouted.
In any case, I would not have more than one or two exchanges in a foreign language. Either use a tag like "she said in French" so the reader realizes the characters aren't speaking English, or note in narration "they discussed the matter in French for some time, but as Malcolm didn't speak the language, he had to wait for a translation."
1.) The character is most always influenced as to whats going on around them
2.) It influences the characters attitude and overall personality.
3.) May see changes in the character in general
Yes it is because no one knows and you don't expect to get the answer.
Presentation aids are visual methods of clarifying ideas and illustrating the message. So, your answer would be A.
Hope this helps!
