Answer:
Present Value of Annuity is $1,263,487
Explanation:
A fix Payment for a specified period of time is called annuity. The discounting of these payment on a specified rate is known as present value of annuity.
Formula for Present value of annuity is as follow
PV of annuity = P x [ ( 1- ( 1+ r )^-n ) / r ]
Where
P = Annual payment = $91,000
r = rate of return = 5.15%
n = number of years = 25 years
PV of annuity = $91,000 x [ ( 1- ( 1+ 0.0515 )^-25 ) / 0.0515 ]
PV of Annuity = $1,263,487
Answer:
Are an alternative to new ventures.
Explanation:
Joint ventures is a business arrangement between two of more organisations to form a partnership. The oganisations involved share ownership, profits, investments.
A joint venture provides access to a large number of resources and it also provides the opportunity to gain new insight and expertise.
Different organizations enter into joint venture for either the purpose of a production process or research avtivity.
Answer:
the annual pre-tax cost of debt is 10.56%
Explanation:
the beore-tax component cost of debt will be the actual market rate of the bonds, as they offer an interest rate of 11% but are selling at 104 points not at par thus, there is a difference between the rates.
We solve for the rate which makes the coupon and maturity 104
with excel or a financial calculator
PV of the coupon payment
C 5.500 (100 x 11%/2)
time 60 (30 years x 2 payment per year)
rate <em>0.052787474</em>
PV $99.4338
PV of the maturity
Maturity 100.00
time 60.00
rate <em>0.052787474</em>
PV 4.57
<em><u>Adding both we should get 104 which is the amount the bonds is selling:</u></em>
PV coupon $99.4338 + PV maturity $4.5662 = $104.0000
The rate is generated using goal seek or wiht a financial calculator.
This rate is a semiannual rate, so we multiply by 2 to get the annual cost of debt:
0.052787474 x 2 = 0.105574947
The cost of debt for the firm is 10.56%
Answer:
<u>Business ethics.</u>
Explanation:
Business ethics is the set of ethical and moral principles that exist in an organization to regulate its activities, actions and decisions that occur in the organization. The set of ethical values is directly determined by the organizational culture, and should be shared with all employees and organizational levels, as it is the business conduct of the company.
When well-established, corporate ethics ensure and motivate positive behavior, enhance a company's reputation and ensure its safety in the marketplace.
