Harper Lee provides a vivid description of life in Maycomb, which is ruled by a strict system of social cues and hierarchy. There is a clear division between those who "belong" to the town, and the "others," which are clearly undesirable to the rest of the population, even when not stated out in the open.
The less desirable people all have traits that do not match the stereotype of a perfect Southern citizen. One way in which this is expressed, perhaps the most relevant one, is racial prejudice. Black people are "others," as they are considered inferior to the rest of the population.
Another example is that of the Radley family. Due to Boo Radley's mental situation, the family is shunned and their interactions with others are very restricted. Gossip and superstition play a big part in their lives, as people exchange stories about the fate of Boo Radley, and he becomes something of an urban legend.
Other stereotypes are also present, such as the idea of black men always going after white women. This stereotype causes an irrational fear among the population which makes it impossible to conduct a fair trial.
The main specialization of Area 51 is to be used as a facility for flight testing and aircraft for the U.S. Air Force.
Appositive is defined as a noun, a noun phrase, or a noun clause which sits next to another noun to rename it or to describe it in another way. The sentence can still be completed without an appositive but adding it can present more information about the subject.
I think this is saying that Josh's dad wants to teach Josh what it means to do something really well.