Answer: Option D.
Genotype by environment interaction.
Explanation:
Genotype by environment interaction refer to a situation where two different genotypes react differently in an environment. Light skinned humans are at greater risk of skin cancer because they lack melanin which the dark people have and this melanin protect the skin from sun.
All the choices are correct. Differences in the norm of reaction I.e they react different way.
Epistasis is when the effect of a gene suppress the other.
Pleiotrophy is when a gene influence another genes phenotipically. These are all genotype enviromr interaction.
The merits include;
It's easy for a female to choose desired traits based on coloration and mastery of ritual in place of invoking a fight.
It gives the female more options to choose from as there are fewer deaths occasioned by fighting of males
Disadvantage
It isn't necessary true that a male with ritual ceremony mastery is the best among the pack.
