After the second world war, the occupation of the German and Austrian regions was managed by 4 major powers: France, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and the Soviet Union. The goals of these powers was twofold.
The first was the purging of National Socialist elements from Germany. After the war, thousands of Nazis escaped capture by the allies, with many returning to their lives as civilians. The occupying forces were attempting to ensure that these individuals would not exert major influence, and that Nazism would not rise again in post-war Germany. Here's an interesting orientation video produced by the US army during the post-war occupation period:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-EjnQwqbaQ
The second of these goals was the establishment of two new German states. The Soviet Union laid the ground work for what would become the communist German Democratic Republic in the late 1940s in the eastern half of Germany, while the allies established a market-liberal counterpart (the Federal Republic of Germany) in the west.
Cold War conservatives reversed their earlier isolationism
They forced the commercialisation of agriculture with the growing of various cash crops and the raw materials for the industries in the Britain. With the strong political control, the British were able to monopolise the trade with India. They defeated their foreign rivals in trade so that there could be no competition.
For a mercantilist economy, the best kind of trade was trade with your own colony.
In a mercantilist system, a country amasses wealth by:
- exporting more than it imports,
- imposing high tariffs and other barriers,
- stocking up on gold and other precious metals,
- protecting domestic industries.
Mercantilism grew in popularity in the 16th and 17th centuries when European powers established colonies outside Europe. By only enabling their colonies to produce raw materials and trade with their mother country, these nations could create manufactured products to sell for profit. The colonies were therefore necessary for wealth creation, and they were banned from representing any competition because they couldn't trade with foreign powers.
Great Britain most benefited from this system in the mid-17th century. For example, with the Navigation Acts, American colonies could only buy products like sugar, tobacco, cotton, and iron from British merchants.
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