The Maryland Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and the Relief of Free Negroes and Others Unlawfully Held, was founded in 1789. I am pretty sure this was the first open abolitionist group. Hope I helped. :)
US became an independent nation. Articles of confederation were created but US constitution was written later to replace. War of 1812 was after. What is this question in context to?
The movement of people from farms to cities is known as urbanization .