Answer:
The known risk factors for hip fractures are low bone mineral density (BMD) and change in the hip geometry. The risk of hip fracture increases by 2.6 times with every decrease of one standard deviation in the BMD of femoral neck [6].
Answer:
Kupffer cells, also known as stellate macrophages due to their particular structure while viewed under a microscope, were first identified by scientist Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer, after whom the cells were named, in 1876.
These cells, whose origin is in the yolk sack during fetal development, later on move to the liver where they will stay and further differentiate into their mature versions.
These cells are part of the liver cells, and are found particularly on the walls of the sinusoids, where they perform their two most important tasks. First, these cells are part of the immune system, as they are essentially macrophages. However, their role is pretty unique, as they are responsible not just for phagocytosis of invading bacteria, and other pathogens, and initiating immune responses, but also, this cell plays a role in decomposing red blood cells who are dying, and taking up the hemoglobin from them to further break that into reusable globin, and the heme group, from which iron is further extracted to be re-used and also to create bilirrubin, a part of bile.
Finally, these cells have been found to be connected to hepatic cirrhosis, as in their process of detoxifying ethanol, they produce toxins that force the liver cells to produce collagen, and thus to become fibrous.
Answer:
It manifest as the heart attack to the person.
Explanation:
When a person completely blocked the blood flow in other organs of the body, the person is suffering from heart attack.
There are commonly two symptoms of heart attack :
- The chest pain: In chest it feels that someone has been stabbed in chest. There are the feelings like heaviness, tightness, pressure.
- The jaw pain: In this the person feel very badly toothache.
- Abdominal pain
- nausea
- Cold sweat
- Shortness of the breath
These are some other symptoms of heart attack.
Answer:
The kidneys will increase the deposition of calcium in the bone as a result of the release of calcitonin by the para follicular cells in the thyroid gland.
Answer:
Kindly check explanation as the question seems incomplete but the explanation should help.
Explanation:
Given the following :
Initial dosage of drug = 100mg
Halflife of drug = 6hours
After 18 hours, the percentage of drug that will be in the system should be :
Half-life is the time taken for a material to reduce to half of it's initial size.
Since half life = 6 hours
After 6 hours ; amount left = 100/2 = 50 mg
After 12 hours ; amount left = 50/2 = 25mg
After 18 hours ; amount left = 25/2 = 12.5mg
Hence, after 18 hours percentage left in system :
(Amount left / total initial amount) × 100%
(12.5 / 100) × 100%
0.125 × 100%
= 12.5%