C) Indigenous :) Hope this helps!!!
Common: Language/Culture barrier resulting in separatist movements from a larger dominant culture (i.e. french speaking quebecois being dominated by larger canada, Uighur muslims vs. Han chinese, itchkeria vs ingushetia) Different in geographic locales, scope of the difference, and degree of divergence of culture/language.
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European explorers came from an ancient maritime tradition. Naval practice coupled with star-tracking, as well as associated navigation technology, aided navigators by helping them stay on routes, avoiding course problems, and thus preventing them from being lost frequently.
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Religion is a common theme found in both. Hope this helped