Answer:
informal imperialism
Explanation:
Africa was partitioned without wars between European nations. The later years of the 19th century saw a transition from informal imperialism military influence and economic dominance to direct rule.
Secularism is the idea of something being not religious or not connected to a church or other religious organisation. An example of this is the government, which is independent of any religion in many US states
The "Supreme Law of the Land" in the United States is the Constitution. This is also referred as the "Supreme Clause".