b.subordinate clause.
A subordinate clause is essentially a sentence fragment. It can't stand by itself and make sense. That means it is dependent on an independent clause for meaning. It can be connected to that independent clause either before or after it.
Ex.
Dependent (subordinate) clause: when you get home
Independent clause: We will watch TV.
Combined: We will watch TV when you get home.
Combined: When you get home, we will watch TV.
I'd say that what Twain uses to convey how ridiculous the king looked on the second night of the show is satire.
Satire is <span>the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.</span>
