Seismograph: Showed that earthquakes are not signs of heaven's anger but..
Water Clock: Helped measure time accurately without the sun
Sundial: Helped measure time with the aid of the sun
Perpetual Calendar: Tracked days, weeks, and months across a year
Paper: Replaced heavy writing surfaces such as stone or shell and allowed for the printing of Buddhist's prayers
Answer:
A monarch is the head of a state in which sovereignty does not belong strictly to the people, but to a small part of it, which is the royal house that governs the nation. Therefore, in this case the sovereign is not replaced after a certain period of time, but his mandate lasts for life.
At present, the power of most modern monarchs has been limited or almost disappeared, and the rulers in practice are members of civil society, with royalty being a representative figure but without political interference.
D. Untouchables because they were at the bottom
The key ideas of "The Prince" were about power and how leaders specifically princes could seek to gain power and also how they could go about maintaining power. These ideas helped to influence European rulers and individuals around the world by promoting this particular type of leadership and power seeking.
Being an alchemist is the answer to this question