Small populations
In small population sizes, inbreeding, or mating between individuals with similar genetic makeup, is more likely to occur, thus perpetuating more common alleles to the point of fixation, thus decreasing genetic diversity.
Cartilaginous fish conducts internal fertilization. Internal fertilization happens when the egg cell and sperm cells of the parents were fertilized inside the body of the parent. And the baby is developed over time.
The amount of p-nitrophenol relates to the cellobiase activity - The change in amount leads to a change in the yellow color of the reaction that presents only in presence of p-nitrophenol.
Cellobiase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of β1-4 glycosidic bonds found in cellulose. Organisms like fungus and some bacteria are able to break down cellulose with help of this enzyme. The substrate is cellulose and the product is glucose catalyzed by cellobiase. It is clear/colorless, and therefore difficult to detect quantitatively.
Enzymatic Activity of Cellobiase
- p-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside is used as a substrate which is an artificial substrate that binds to the Cellobiase and is broken down similarly to cellulose and produces glucose and p-nitrophenol.
- This p-nitrophenol reacts with a basic solution called stop solution that stops the reaction and turns the solution yellow.
- The amount of yellow color is proportional to the amount of p-nitrophenol present which means this color help in knowing the Cellobiase activity.
Thus, the change in amount leads to a change in the yellow color of the reaction that presents only in presence of p-nitrophenol.
Learn more about p-nitrophenol:
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The big bang was the occurrence of two singular atoms making contact with each other in the endless void. It's considered to be the beginning because atoms make up everything. So when those two atoms made first contact it was a huge "bang" creating everything.
