Because of the fact that female mammals have chromosomes from both parents (from the father and from the mother) and all cells have the same inactivated X chromosome female mammals are considered to be mosaic <span>of the maternal and paternal cells.</span>
Answer with Explanation:
Gramicidine is an antibiotic that has a polypeptide structure and is composed of 3 chains. This molecule can adopt a structure called beta 6-3 helix, so as to form a channel through the cell membrane of bacteria which allows the passage of ions (in this case cations) such as H +, K + or Na +, this situation leads to that in the cell alterations in the content of cellular cations are generated, among the effects the loss of potassium that can cause the death of the cell due to hemolysis due to alteration in the permeability of the membrane is highlighted. This effect is known as the ionophore effect.
An ionophore effect leads to the inhibition in the release of H + to the mitochondrial electronic transport chain.
Gramicidin thanks to its mechanism of action, when it produces interference specifically in a cellular organelle called mitochondria in the inner mitochondrial membrane, it is responsible for interrupting the passage of electrons, alters the gradient of H + and the performance of the enzyme called ATP- synthase which is responsible for producing ATP.
The damage that the entire previous situation produces on oxidative phosphorylation, leads to the refusal of ADP refosphorylation, then ADP and its hydrolysis products will accumulate, and finally the result will be a decrease in ATP levels.
C.) New results should be verified by more experiments before it is accepted
Lactase will most likely be found in the small intestine and food spends the largest time there.
The digestive system refers to all the structures that are responsible for the breakdown of food in the body. In each part of the digestive system, enzymes act on the food particles to enable certain conversions.
The enzyme lactase in involved in the digestion of milk and diary products. The enzyme has an optimum pH of about 6 hence it works in an acidic environment. Lactase is found in the small intestine.
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Answer:
C
Explanation:
a. refers to amount of energy passed upwards to each trophic level
b. only counts number of each organism
c. counts total mass of living tissue
d. i'm not familiar with but doesn't look right
