Answer:
True
Explanation:
A general misconception is that insulin is only involved in energy and fat metabolism. When energy needs are high, insulin transports sugar from the blood into the muscle where it can be converted into energy. When energy needs are low, insulin facilitates the conversion of excess sugar into fat where it can be stored for future use.
What is often overlooked is the powerful effect of insulin on stimulating muscle protein growth and repair. An essential action of insulin is to increase the transport into muscle of amino acids, the building blocks of protein, where they can be used for rebuilding and repair. Insulin’s anabolic effects do not end there. Insulin also plays an important role in turning on one of the metabolic switches that control protein synthesis.
This action explains why combinations of carbohydrate and protein are far more effective in stimulating protein synthesis than protein alone. Two switches are responsible for turning on protein synthesis. One is activated by protein, specifically amino acid levels in the blood, and the second by insulin. Consuming carbohydrate (which raises insulin levels) and protein in your recovery drink gives you a dual benefit. In fact, research has shown that a carbohydrate protein drink is 38% more effective than a protein drink in stimulating muscle protein synthesis post exercise.
Another important effect of insulin is inhibition of protein breakdown. At any given time, muscle protein is in a state of flux – it is being synthesized and broken down. When more protein is synthesized than broken down, you have a net gain in lean body mass. After exercise, protein degradation is higher, primarily because during extended endurance activity up to 20% of the working muscle’s energy is derived from protein. That’s why consuming protein in your sports drink offers significant advantages. It reduces the amount of muscle protein used for energy. Higher breakdown rates of protein after exercise increases muscle soreness and slows the overall recovery process. By inhibiting protein breakdown, insulin mediates a faster recovery.
The bottom line – by taking advantage of how and when insulin works and how nutrition can affect insulin activity, endurance athletes can optimize muscle recovery and achieve significant improvements in endurance performance.
The long bones are those that are longer than they are wide.
They are one of five types of bones long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid.
Energy is used to break down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Answer:
ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation will stop.
Explanation:
Cyanide inhibits cytochrome oxidase that passes electrons to the molecule oxygen. Cytochrome oxidase also pumps two protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space during electron transfer. Inhibition of cytochrome oxidase would not allow the transfer of electrons to oxygen and the whole electron transport chain would be stopped. There would not be any generation of proton concentration gradient to drive the process of ATP synthesis. Hence, ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation will be stopped after cyanide poisoning in aerobic cells.
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
All of the following options are correct except option C. in the Meselson Stahl experiment, after the first round of replication, the DNA molecules made consisted mainly of one parental strand and one new strand each which is the DNA molecules of intermediate density (H-L). Then future replications will produce more of the low density L-L density. This form of replication is thus termed to be the semi conservative form of replication
