Answer:
See below
Step-by-step explanation:
It has something to do with the<em> </em><u><em>Weierstrass substitution</em></u>, where we have

First, consider the double angle formula for tangent:

Therefore,

Once the double angle identity for sine is

we know
, but sure, we can derive this formula considering the double angle identity

Recall

Thus,
Similarly for cosine, consider the double angle identity
Thus,

Hence, we showed 
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Solving





Just note that

and
is not defined for 
The score(s) that will be obtained respectively in an independent-measures design and repeated-measures design are; 1 and 2
<h3>How to interpret Experiments?</h3>
There are different ways to carry out an experiment in mathematics. This is because there are various means of research and also ways to interpret the results.
Now, when comparing two treatment conditions, an independent-measures design would always obtain 1 score for each subject. However, when a repeated-measures design is carried out on the same sample, it will obtain 2 scores.
Read more about Experiments at; brainly.com/question/25677592
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Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
a circle will satisfy the conditions of Green's Theorem since it is closed and simple.
Let's identify P and Q from the integral
, and
Now, using Green's theorem on the line integral gives,
