Most management researchers believe that modern management studies originated in the <u>c. 18th century.</u>
<h3>Origins of modern management </h3>
- Originated with the Industrial Revolution.
- Originated as a means to make production more efficient.
The Industrial Revolution began in the 1700s or the 18th century and so we can conclude that modern management also started in the 18th century as well.
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A market for existing financial securities that are currently traded among investors is called the Secondary market.
A secondary market is a market for the purchase and sale of existing securities or other assets. They differ from primary markets, where the assets were created. Generally, most investors will only trade on secondary markets.
Transactions in the secondary market are undertaken with other investors rather than the security issuer. The procedure is comparable to buying products from the classifieds or a used car from a dealership rather than the manufacturer.
Stocks and bonds purchased in a retirement plan or through a brokerage account, for example, are traded on secondary markets.
Assume you have two portfolios: one through an employee stock ownership plan and the other through a discount brokerage. The main market transaction occurs when you purchase stock directly from the corporation, like in the first plan. It is a secondary market transaction when you buy in a discount brokerage account through stock exchanges.
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Answer:
d
Explanation:
A good has positive externality if the benefits to third parties not involved in production is greater than the cost. an example of an activity that generates positive externality is research and development. Due to the high cost of R & D, they are usually under-produced. Government can encourage the production of activities that generate positive externality by granting subsidies.
A good has negative externality if the costs to third parties not involved in production is greater than the benefits. an example of an activity that generates negative externality is pollution. Pollution can be generated at little or no cost, so they are usually overproduced. Government can discourage the production of activities that generate negative externality by taxation. Taxation increases the cost of production and therefore discourages overproduction. Tax levied on externality is known as Pigouvian tax.
Government can regulate the amount of externality produced by placing an upper limit on the amount of negative externality permissible
Coase theorem has been proposed as a solution to externality. According to this theory, when there are conflicting property rights, bargaining between parties involved can lead to an efficient outcome only if the bargaining cost is low
Another solution to negative externality is through the activities of charities. Charities can raise donations to limit or regulate the activities of firms that constitutes a negative externality.
Answer:
A) high magnitude of consequences.
Explanation:
Delayed product delivery is less of an issue when compared to delivering a faulty product, which can potentially cause harm. This is because delivering a faulty product has a high magnitude of consequences.
The customer is the king in the market, the company can not afford to lose reputation by a delivery faulty product. Especially in the era of social media, these mistakes can cause loss of market share and can potentially damage the credibility of the company´s product, which could take lot of time to rebuild. It may also affect other product of the company to lose reputation.
