Collecting taxes and declaring War
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Trade with the Arabs did a few things for the African kingdoms. It increased trade, profit, and led to a ruling class.
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<span>The reasons that allowed the Ottomans to reach that far into Europe are: The undermining of the Byzantine Empire by the European powers between 1200-1453. Religious strife in Europe, caused by the Reformation, isolating the Catholics and providing European allies to the Ottoman Empire. Superior military tactics. </span>
