explain the reason, and simply beg for the extension like your life depends on it
The significance of this quote is Montag's realization of what his job is actually about and what it implies. He became a fireman because he was meant to. However, he is now haunted by this new feeling and does not know anymore what is right and what is wrong.
India became republic, Chinese aggression, indo-pak war
That is true. When there were famine and catastrophes in the Aztec empire, they realized that was due to the fact they didn't offer enough human sacrifices to their gods. Therefore, The Flower Wars were fought.