Answer:
In order for this gas transfer to take place, an amphibian’s skin is damp and often slimy. Although cutaneous respiration requires less energy than breathing via lungs or gills, it can only take place at a constant rate. Most amphibians have lungs to handle respiration at a greater rate when required.
Explanation:
Temporal summation.
︎ ︎ ︎︎ ︎ ︎ ︎ ︎︎ ︎︎
︎ ︎ ︎ ︎ ︎ ︎ ︎ ︎ ︎︎ ︎ ︎ ︎ ︎ ︎︎ ︎ ︎ ︎ ︎︎
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︎ ︎
︎ ︎ ︎
<u>Autophagy</u> is the mechanism which will be used by the infected macrophages to combat the invading bacteria.
Explanation:
The macrophages undergo autophagy to combat with the intracellular pathogens. The invading bacteria grow, survive and reproduce intracellularly in the organs like lungs affected by tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis invasion.
To combat these intracellular pathogens, the macrophage surrounds the microbes by creating a double walled membrane around them and creating the autophagosome. The suicidal bag of the cells – lysosomes engulf the autophagosome with the pathogen and will destroy it.
