Only use colons after statements that are complete sentences. Don't use it after a sentence fragment. It may be used between independent clauses when the second sentence explains the first sentence.
Ex: He has three favorite movie genres: action, comedy, and drama.
Adjectives and Adverb phrases relate to prepositional phrases because if you remember what an adjective is, it describes a noun and then an adverb i believe can describe a verb, adjective, and other adverbs. Both adjective and adverb phrases contain prepositions, there fore relating them to prepositional phrases.... I hope this is what you were looking for and answered your question... :)
The correct option should be option c. If referring to the squiggly line under a misspelled word.
The second one: a man of much learning is not essential is an additional characteristic of the pastor so it’s right to put it between commas. Divinity must be written uppercase since it’s the name of the school and not an adjective I think
