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Answer:
To determine the effect of toxin binding, you perform a Competitive Binding Experiment
Explanation:
Competitive binding experiments are very relevant when matters relating to cellular and or molecular toxicity are concerned.
They are used to determine the binding of a single concentration of labeled ligand in the presence of various concentrations of unlabeled ligand.
They are important because:
1. Validate a direct binding assay
2. Confirm whether or not a drug binds to the receptor
3. determine and explore how low-affinity drugs and receptors interact and it's resultant effects
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Answer:
Horizontal gene transfer
Explanation:
Horizontal gene transfer or lateral gene transfer is when an organisms of different species can acquire a gene from a different one. This process is well understood in bacteria and is responsible for the appearence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Bacteria can take DNA fragments through a process known as transformation, but this is less common in eukaryotes. Gene transfer agents like viruses could carry the gene from one specimen to the other. Another way could be Horizontal transposon transfer but the exact mechanisms behind it are still under research.
Answer: Option C) Animal
The cell wall is tough, flexible and fairly rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It is located outside the cell membrane and provides cells with structural support and protection. All BUT ONE type of organism has cells with cell walls. That is an animal
Explanation:
One distinguishing feature of animal cells compared to other living cells is the absence of cell wall.
However, the animal cell possess a cell membrane, with which it regulates substances entering or leaving the cell, and also provide protection and mechanical support for the cell against foreign invaders such as pathogens.
