Nicolaus Copernicus was the first thinker to develop the sun-centered model, as shown in option A.
We can arrive at this answer because:
During the Middle Ages, it was believed in a spatial model centered on the Earth.
This model claimed that the Earth was the center of the universe and all other planets revolved around it.
However, Nicolaus Copernicus when researching the stars realized that the sun was the center of the solar system and that the other planets, including the Earth, revolved around it.
Nicolaus Copernicus' model was not accepted by the Catholic Church, which dominated all branches of society at the time, and for that reason, he was heavily punished.
