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bekas [8.4K]
2 years ago
12

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolution of 1798 and 1799 claimed that the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the Constitution. It als

o supported the principle of states’ rights. What are states’ rights?
History
1 answer:
ArbitrLikvidat [17]2 years ago
7 0
State rights the rights or powers retained by the regional government or a federal union under the provisions of a federal constitution!

Hope this helps! Fingers crossed let me know if this is not what you are looking for and I will try and ask my history teacher!
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Why did so many African countries face difficult challenges after winning their independence?
-BARSIC- [3]
<h3>One of the most pressing challenges African states faced at Independence was their lack of infrastructure. European imperialists prided themselves on bringing civilization and developing Africa, but they left their former colonies with little in the way of infrastructure. The empires had built roads and railroads - or rather, they had forced their colonial subjects to build them - but these were not intended to build national infrastructures. Imperial roads and railways were almost always intended to facilitate the export of raw materials. Many, like the Ugandan Railroad, ran straight to the coastline. </h3><h3> </h3><h3> </h3><h3>These new countries also lacked the manufacturing infrastructure to add value to their raw materials. Rich as many African countries were in cash crops and minerals, they could not process these goods themselves. Their economies were dependent on trade, and this made them vulnerable. They were also locked into cycles of dependencies on their former European masters. They had gained political, not economic dependencies, and as Kwame Nkrumah - the first prime minister and president of Ghana - knew, political independence without economic independence was meaningless.  </h3><h3> </h3><h3> </h3><h2>Energy Dependence</h2><h3>The lack of infrastructure also meant that African countries were dependent on Western economies for much of their energy. Even oil-rich countries did not have the refineries needed to turn their crude oil into gasoline or heating oil. Some leaders, like Kwame Nkrumah, tried to rectify this by taking on massive building projects, like the Volta River hydroelectric dam project. The dam did provide much-needed electricity, but its construction put Ghana heavily into debt. The construction also required the relocation of tens of thousands of Ghanaians and contributed to Nkrumah's plummeting support in Ghana. In 1966, Nkrumah was overthrown.  </h3><h3> </h3><h2>Inexperienced Leadership</h2><h3>At Independence, there were several presidents, like Jomo Kenyatta, had several decades of political experience, but others, like Tanzania's Julius Nyerere, had entered the political fray just years before independence. There was also a distinct lack of trained and experienced civil leadership. The lower echelons of the colonial government had long been staffed by African subjects, but the higher ranks had been reserved for white officials. The transition to national officers at independence meant there were individuals at all levels of the bureaucracy with little prior training. In some cases, this led to innovation, but the many challenges that African states faced at independence were often compounded by the lack of experienced leadership. </h3><h3> </h3><h3> </h3><h2>Lack of National Identity</h2><h3>The borders Africa's new countries were left with were the ones drawn in Europe during the Scramble for Africa with no regard to the ethnic or social landscape on the ground. The subjects of these colonies often had many identities that trumped their sense of being, for instance, Ghanaian or Congolese. Colonial policies that privileged one group over another or allocated land and political rights by "tribe" exacerbated these divisions. The most famous case of this was the Belgian policies that crystallized the divisions between Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda that led to the tragic genocide in 1994. </h3><h3> </h3><h3>Immediately after decolonization, the new African states agreed to a policy of inviolable borders, meaning they would not try to redraw Africa's political map as that would lead to chaos. The leaders of these countries were, thus, left with the challenge of trying to forge a sense of national identity at a time when those seeking a stake in the new country were often playing to individuals' regional or ethnic loyalties.  </h3><h3> </h3><h2>Cold War</h2><h3>Finally, decolonization coincided with the Cold War, which presented another challenge for African states. The push and pull between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) made non-alignment a difficult, if not impossible, option, and those leaders who tried to carve third way generally found they had to take sides.  </h3><h3> </h3><h3>Cold War politics also presented an opportunity for factions that sought to challenge the new governments. In Angola, the international support that the government and rebel factions received in the Cold War led to a civil war that lasted nearly thirty years. </h3><h3> </h3><h3>These combined challenges made it difficult to establish strong economies or political stability in Africa and contributed to the upheaval that many (but not all!) states faced between the late '60s and late '90s. </h3>
7 0
3 years ago
Honduras ha establecido diversos convenios internacionales de importancia De acuerdo con el número de participantes, los conveni
svp [43]

la respuesta es

QUE EL trato entra dos participantes  ( pais } con de acuerdos de los convenios internacionales  se puede ser de muchas clases: de tipo económico, político, social, cultural, militar, etc

entonses la respuesta puede ser A , B, C , D


8 0
3 years ago
HELP!!!! ASAP!!!! Which invention made the building and use of skyscrapers feasible?
svetlana [45]
Zoning laws is the answer hope this helps!!!

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Exploration caused ideas to spread, new plants to be discovered (helped prevente, luumu
Elenna [48]

Answer:

Yes exploration was worth it

Explanation:

The era of exploration was a period of new discovery.

Even though this era came with several negative changes such as spread of diseases, slavery, imperialism, loss of land. It also has a lot of positives which in my opinion justifies this era.

The discovery that was made during the period of exploration had tremendous effect on economic, social and political situations in many areas of the world. Trade and industry experienced a tremendous growth, ideas were birthed and exchanged as well as technology, plants and animals. Also there was the discovery of new routes, like routes to India and the americas. This age brought about advances in navigation which was used by future travellers.

Thank you!

3 0
3 years ago
Which of the following was most likely a result of the Crusades?
Dahasolnce [82]

The answer is B- Revival of Christianity in Europe.

Explanation:      The strengthening of the king power and the economic struggles for peasants had nothing to do with the military expedition to steal holy land from the Muslims. they did not exclude Muslim teaching they just took some holy land. So the only thing we would be left with is The revival of Christianity in Europe.

<em>Hope this helps you have a good day. ↓</em>

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<em>ps. if you don't know who BTS is please go check them out they are the best K-pop boy group on this planet. trust me you will be forever hooked, in the world of K-pop </em>

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8 0
2 years ago
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