Why does chemotherapy cause side effects such as nausea?

1 answer:

6 0

Answer :It sets off warning signals in your brain and digestive system. This flips the on switch in a part of your brain called the vomiting center. It puts out chemicals that make you queasy. Chemo can harm your digestive tract, too, which could also lead to nausea.

Explanation:

Such side effects as nose bleeds, bleeding gums, blood in the urine or stool, and unusually heavy menstrual flow, may be experienced by the patient receiving chemotherapy. Nausea and vomiting occur when certain drugs stimulate an area of the brain called the chemoreceptor trigger zone.

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Hi there!

Electronegativity is the concept of how likely an atom is to attract the shared molecules in one of these bonds to itself. We know the molecule water is made up of two hydrogens and one oxygen. The electronegativity of hydrogen is 2.2, and oxygen 3.4. An ionic bond needs at least a difference in electronegativity of 1.6. As the difference is less than that, we can say that water is a covalent molecule. This then wipes out choice B, because it is not ionic, and C, as we have seen it is actually covalent.

Now, we can see the difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen is still 1.2. This means that while it is not at the point for there to be an ionic bond, there is still a difference in attraction, where the electrons will tend to favor the oxygen more and 'hang around it' more. As electrons are negatively charged, this means that the oxygen will gain a slightly negative charge. This then makes the molecule polar, because it now has a charge within the molecule. This means we have our answer, choice D.

In terms of hydrophobic molecules - they tend to be ones without a charge. (If you're interested in this kind of stuff, I'd search hydrophobic up, and possibly also look into hydrogen bonds).

Hope this helps! Feel free to ask me any other questions you have about this specific problem.

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<h3>Answer;</h3>

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