Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina all have _________

An individual consumes products X and Y and spends $36 per time period. The prices of the two goods are $3 per unit for X and $2

vekshin1

Answer:

a) 3X + 2Y = 36

b) X = 6 , Y = 9

c) 27

Explanation:

Individual consumes : X and Y

Spends : $36 per time period

unit cost : $3 per unit for X

$2 per unit for Y

utility function : U( X, Y ) = .5XY

A) Budget equation mathematically

X* Px + Y* Py = M

3X + 2Y = 36

Px and Py = unit cost for X and Y

M = Total spent ( revenue )

b) Values of X and Y that will maximize utility

Maximum utility ( MRS ) = Px / Py ,

MRS = MUx / MUy

= Y/X = 3/2

∴ 2Y = 3X

From BC : 6X = 36 ( X = 6 plug into mathematically equation above )

∴ X = 6 , hence Y = 9

c) Total utility generated per unit of time

U( X,Y ) = .5XY

= 0.5 * 6 * 9 = 27

6 0

3 years ago

The Corner Bakery has a bond issue outstanding that matures in 7 years. The bonds pay interest semi-annually. Currently, the bon

MaRussiya [10]

Answer:

Ans. The after tax cost of this bond is 2.09%

Explanation:

Hi, first we need to establish the cash flow of the bond, so we can find the after tax cost of the bond. After we find the after tax cash flow of the bond, we must use the IRR function of MS Excel to find the semi-annual cost of this debt, but, all after tax debts should be presented in annual basis. Let me walk you through the process. First, let me show you how it should look.

Face Value 100

price 101,4

years 7 years

Coupon 9%

Coupon 4,5% semi-annually

tax 30%

Per Cash Flow After Tax

0 101,4 101,4

1 -4,5 -3,15

2 -4,5 -3,15

3 -4,5 -3,15

4 -4,5 -3,15

5 -4,5 -3,15

6 -4,5 -3,15

7 -4,5 -3,15

8 -4,5 -3,15

9 -4,5 -3,15

10 -4,5 -3,15

11 -4,5 -3,15

12 -4,5 -3,15

13 -4,5 -3,15

14 -104,5 -73,15

Cost of Debt 1,04% semi-annually

Cost of Debt 2,09% annually

Ok, now, as you can see, there are 14 periods, that is because the coupon is paid semi-annually, the way to find the cash flow (I mean, the bond´s coupon) is:

$Coupon (semi-annual)=(Face Value)x\frac{0.09}{2} =4.5$

At the end (period 14), we need to add the face value and the coupon, that is $100+$4.5=$104.5

Now, to find the value of the third column (after-tax cost), we do the following.

$After-tax-Cost=Couponx(1-taxes)=4.5(1-0.3)=3.15\\$

Now, consider this, you are receiving 101.4 for every 100 of debt, that means that you are receiving more money than the emission value, and paying interests over 100 instead of 101.4, that is why we have to use the IRR excel function to find out the semi-annual cost of debt. That is, 1.04%.

Now, to make this an effective annual rate, we calculate it like this.

$EffectiveAnnualRate=(1+semi-annual Rate)^{\frac{1}{2} } -1=(1+0.0104)^{\frac{1}{2} } -1=0.0209$

Finally, the after-tax cost of this debt is = 2.09%

Best of luck.

6 0

3 years ago

The corporate charter of Llama Co. authorized the issuance of 14 million, $1 par common shares. During 2021, its first year of o

Gemiola [76]

Answer:

Llama Co.

The amount that Llama should report as Additional Paid -in Capital in its December 31, 2021 balance sheet is:

= $36 million.

Explanation:

a) Data and Analysis:

Authorized capital, 14 million at $1 par common shares

January 1: Issued 5 million at $19 per share:

Debit Cash $95 million

Credit Common Stock $5 million

Credit Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Common $90 million

June 3: Purchased 6 million shares of treasury stock at $33 per share:

Debit Treasury Stock $6 million

Debit Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Common $192 million

Credit Cash $198 million

December 28: Sold the 6 million shares of treasury stock at $24 per share:

Debit Cash $144 million

Credit Treasury Stock $6 million

Credit Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Common $138 million

Summary of Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Common Account:

January 1: Cash $90 million (Credit)

June 3: Cash (192 million) (Debit)

Dec. 28: Cash 138 million (Credit)

Dec. 31: Balance $36 million (Credit)

3 0

3 years ago

What is the equity beta for a firm with asset beta equal to 0.9, and D/E ratio of 0.4, and tax rate equal to 35%?

NNADVOKAT [17]

Answer:

the equity beta of the firm is 1.134

Explanation:

The computation of the equity beta is shown below:

Equity beta is

= Asset beta × [1 + (1 - tax rate) × Debt-equity ratio]

= 0.9 × [1 + (1 - 0.35) × 0.4]

= 0 9 × 1.26

= 1.134

Hence, the equity beta of the firm is 1.134

We simply applied the above formula so that the correct value could come

And, the same is to be considered

3 0

3 years ago

Several years ago, Alcoa was effectively the sole seller of aluminum because the firm owned nearly all of the aluminum ore reser

Alinara [238K]

Answer:

price-taking assumption.

free entry assumption.

Explanation:

A perfectly competitive market is one in which different firms compete for consumers of their products. The characteristics of the perfectly competitive market are:

- products are nearly identical

- all the firms are price takers. That is they are not able to determine price independently

- buyer knowledge of information about products is perfect and available to all

- free entry and exit to the market

- resources are perfectly mobile

In the given scenario above two of these rules are not obeyed.

Alcoa was effectively the sole seller of aluminum because the firm owned nearly all of the aluminum ore reserves in the world.

So they determine the price ( they are not price takers)

Also since they own nearly all the aluminium reserves there is no free entry for new firms

5 0

3 years ago

Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina all have __________ development.