Urbanization with increased medical facilities, DTM stage 3.
There are only three groups and these groups that conquered North Africa at one time or the other are the Romans, Muslim Arabs, and the Phoenicians. These groups have developed colonies in North Africa. One example is the Phoenicians who built colonies to the Atlantic from the Tripoli. Also, during the conquest of the Muslim Arabs, this started the spread of Islam all over the country.
Answer:
unablity to provide all services for all people
greater poverty and lack of sanitation
greater air pollution with significant impact on human health
A net population decline resulting from an "excess of deaths over births".
Option: A
<u>Explanation</u>:
Demographic transition is a shift from higher to lower level of fertility and mortality.Rapid development in industrialization and urbanization in 
century resulted into enormous population growth. But decline in early 
century covered many reasons like consequences of two calamitous wars, where Europe suffered large population declination due to battle death and civilian causalities in World War I and II. Hence the acceleration of population growth in 19th century but downfall in 20th is also considered as balance.
