Question 1: One of the central themes in biology is how DNA, RNA, and proteins are related. Describe how genetic information flo
ws between those types of molecules. Include the results of the processes of transcription and translation? ( Will Mark Brainliest if answered correctly. Do Not Repost Someone Else's Answer that is already on Brainly or any other websites please).
Translation is the process by which mRNA is decoded and translated to produce a polypeptide sequence, otherwise known as a protein. This method of synthesizing proteins is directed by the mRNA and accomplished with the help of a ribosome, a large complex of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and proteins. In translation, a cell decodes the mRNA’s genetic message and assembles the brand-new polypeptide chain. Transfer RNA, or tRNA, translates the sequence of codons on the mRNA strand. The main function of tRNA is to transfer a free amino acid from the cytoplasm to a ribosome, where it is attached to the growing polypeptide chain. tRNAs continue to add amino acids to the growing end of the polypeptide chain until they reach a stop codon on the mRNA. The ribosome then releases the completed protein into the cell.
DNA is the code that stores all our genetic information. When making a protein, DNA has to go through transcription and then translation. In transcription, an the genetic code of DNA is copied to mRNA, with the aid of an RNA polymerase protein which attaches single RNA units to the mRNA strand as the RNA polymerase moves on the DNA. Note that instead the letter T, RNA contains U. This occurs in the nucleus. The mRNA travels to the cytoplasm to a ribosome. The RNA also trims itself, removing parts that it does not need, and keeping parts for translation. The ribsomes use tRNA attached to amino acids to assemble the protein chain and translate the mRNA into proteins. As the amino acid chain, or polypeptide forms, a protein comes to be. However, there may be mutations, resulting from translation or transcription and sometimes these mutations may cause harmful affects.
RNA polymerase is always present in the cell, but sometimes present in viruses.
tRNA is always present in the cell but never present in viruses.
Ribosomes are always present in a cell but never present in viruses.
Genes are always present in the cell, but always present in viruses.
Explanation:
Viruses are acellular microorganisms that do not have a biochemical or gene expression of their own. They hijack the host's gene expression system.
RNA polymerase is the enzymes that forms RNA primers during DNA replication and the mRNA transcript of template DNA during transcription. Therefore, RNA polymerase is always required in cells.
Most viruses lack RNA polymerase except some RNA viruses such as polio viruses that contain an RNA dependent RNA polymerase, an enzyme that synthesizes mRNA from an RNA template.
Viruses lack tRNA and ribosomes as they are not capable of translation on their own.
Unlike the gene expression machinery, all organisms including viruses have a genome. Viruses can have both DNA and RNA genomes.
