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The Crimean War (1853-1856) was a brutal conflict that took its name from the Crimean Peninsula on the Black Sea. The war, which claimed an estimated 650,000 lives, pitted Britain, France, Turkey and Sardinia against Russia, whose ruler, Czar Nicholas I, was attempting to expand his influence over the Middle East and the eastern Mediterranean at the expense of the declining Ottoman Empire. The British and French, in turn, saw Nicholas’ power grab as a danger to their trade routes, and were determined to stop him.
The event is commonly remembered today as the setting for Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s poem “The Charge of the Light Brigade,” which glowingly depicts the bravery of a British cavalry unit that suffered horrific casualties when it made an ill-advised attack on a heavily-defended enemy position. It’s also the conflict in which Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, first became famous, for her efforts to help wounded British soldiers who were dying of cholera and typhoid in squalid hospital wards.
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