¿Se puede afirmar que América es un conti- nente poco poblado? ¿Por qué?
1 answer:
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(a) By DeMoivre's theorem, we have
On the LHS, expanding yields
Matching up real and imaginary parts, we have for (i) and (ii),
(b) By the definition of the tangent function,
(c) Setting
, we have 
and 
. So
At the given value of
, the denominator is a non-zero number, so only the numerator can contribute to this reducing to 0.
Remember, this is saying that
If we replace
with a variable 
, then the above means is a root to the quadratic equation,
Also, if
, then 
and 
. So by a similar argument as above, we deduce that 
is also a root to the quadratic equation above.
(d) We know both roots to the quadratic above. The fundamental theorem of algebra lets us write
Expand the RHS and match up terms of the same power. In particular, the constant terms satisfy
But
for all 
, as is the case for 
and 
, so we choose the positive root.
On the LHS, expanding yields
Matching up real and imaginary parts, we have for (i) and (ii),
(b) By the definition of the tangent function,
(c) Setting
At the given value of
Remember, this is saying that
If we replace
Also, if
(d) We know both roots to the quadratic above. The fundamental theorem of algebra lets us write
Expand the RHS and match up terms of the same power. In particular, the constant terms satisfy
But
