Question

Look at the figures showing the distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes. Why do volcanoes and earthquakes occur in so many of the same areas?
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Volcano Distribution




Earthquake Distribution

Answer 1

Volcanoes and earthquakes occur in so many of the same areas because they are a consequence of plates movements. They occur at different plate boundaries.

Image observation

First of all, by looking at both images, we can see that volcanoes and earthquakes are not randomly distributed around the world.

We can also see that, although they are distributed all around the globe, there is a notorious concentration of volcanoes and earthquakes in the pacific region.

There is an occurrence tendency in continuous areas.

If we pay attention to the white lines in the map, we will notice that the continuous areas where volcanoes and earthquakes occur coincide with plate boundaries.

For instance,

• In North and South America plates, volcanoes and earthquakes occur along the Pacific Plate and the Nazca plate boundaries.

• We can see the same pattern in the boundaries between the Pacific plate, Indo-Australian plate, Eurasian plate, and Philippine plate.

• We can also see some volcanoes and earthquakes occurring along the Atlantic mid-oceanic ridge.  

• Finally, we can see only earthquakes occurring along the boundary of the Antarctic plate with the other plates.

Interpretation

Although they occur in other areas too, volcanoes and earthquakes occur at plate boundaries.

Volcanoes occur at convergent and divergent boundaries

Earthquakes occur at transforming, convergent and divergent boundaries.

Plate Boundaries

I. Divergent:

• This boundary occurs when two plates separate and molten material rises from the mantle creating a new crust.

• The hot material creates a new seabed between the separating plates, expanding the sea bottom.

• Eruptions do not produce big notorious mountainous volcanoes due to the temperature shock between the rising hot magma and oceanic water.

• The Atlantic Ocean ridge, extending from Greenlander to the southernmost point of South America, is an example of this boundary.

• Plates movement might produce earthquakes.

II. Convergent.

• Collision area between two plates.

• Two oceanic plates might collide, or one oceanic plate with a continental one.

• One plate sinks under the other plate, and magma rises to the surface by crevices.

• The thicker and older plate subduces under the other plate.

• Volcanoes get formed on the superior plate since magma flows over it.

• Plates's movement might produce earthquakes.

III. Transforming.

• The plates slide laterally with each other, and they are usually called faults.

• It is associated, in general, with the oceanic ridge, although it might also occur in the continental plate.

• No rocky material is either destroyed or formed.

• When the plates move and produce a displacement of one transforming limits from side to side, earthquakes occur.

• The movement breaks the crust and originates pronounced fractures.

• The San Andrés fault is an example of this plate ridges.

In coclusion, volcanoes and earthquakes distribution coincides with plate's boundaries.

You can learn more about volcanoes and earthquakes distribution at

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