During pulmonary edema, the interstitial space increases resulting to a smaller diffusion. The increased interstitial space makes oxygen not to have enough time to reach the red blood cell resulting to partially oxygenated blood. Using the Fick equation there will be an increase in the level of oxygen coming from the lungs.
You can use refraction which is the bending of light through a transparent material. Also the freezing and boiling points of water. One last one is the Cartesian five experiment, this shows the density of water. Hope this helped.
Through reproduction. dark fur is a dominant trait and eventually if offspring of the one dark furred mouse reproduce enough, it will eventually spread to the whole population because it is a dominant gene and will overpower recessive genes of the other parent organism that the dominant mouse is reproducing with.