The answer is John Dewey who's an American educator and psychologist who was influential in changing education and social reform in United States. He was considered as one of the founders of functional psychology and the philosophy of pragmatism.
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Our actions are not wrong because there is an ethical difference between treating people as a means and treating them merely as a means to achieve some end. This is the concept behind the Kantian ethics also referred to as means to end principle.
Adolescent egocentrism is a term that David Elkind used to describe the phenomenon of adolescents' inability to distinguish between their perception of what others think about them and what people actually think in reality.[1] David Elkind's theory on adolescent egocentrism is drawn from Piaget's theory on cognitive developmental stages, which argues that formal operations enable adolescents to construct imaginary situations and abstract thinking.[2]
Accordingly, adolescents are able to conceptualize their own thoughts and conceive of other people's thoughts.[1] However, Elkind pointed out that adolescents tend to focus mostly on their own perceptions – especially on their behaviors and appearance – because of the "physiological metamorphosis" they experience during this period. This leads to adolescents' belief that other people are as attentive to their behaviors and appearance as they are of themselves.[1] According to Elkind, adolescent egocentrism results in two consequential mental constructions, namely imaginary audience and personal fable.
The poem is about choosing a friend or a lover and refusing everyone else.
Emily Dickinson portraits the individual as unable to be challenge. So when she says the soul selects her own society and then closes the door, she is implying the individual has chosen the company it prefers and is not open to challenge or suggestion from anyone else.
