The period referred to here is called the enlightenment age
It saw the rise of scholars with enlightenment thoughts such as Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau, and Voltaire, who criticized the establishment concept of government which was autocratic,and absolute. The monarchs claimed a divine essence. The enlightenment scholars placed liberties and freedoms in the core of their thoughts and led to the rise of the concept of government by consent which lay the foundation for modern day democracy.
D, is the final answer... others are simply not plausible
The answer to that is yes.
False
Back in time (cave people) used many tools, and more people, (tribes, etc.)