Answer:
why an athlete would need to be concerned about twitches or contractions is because, whenever they perform, and such thing happens, it will most likely distract the athlete, and cause the athlete doing his/her performance to not be as good, and may lead to failure, for example, when someone is running very fast for a sprinting race, and he has a contraction in his leg it will cause him to react by showing signs of pain by slowing down or even tripping and falling, causing him to lose the race.
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I believe the answer is a and d and b not 100% sure
D. The mutation will be expressed only if the individual has two copies of the recessive allele.
I'd say that the mechanism which might keep Rana aurora and Rana boylii from mating is B. temporal isolation, since their breeding seasons do not occur at the same time.
It is not anatomical isolation, since they are both frogs. It is not geographic isolation, since they meet in California. It is not behavioral isolation since they both have breeding seasons.
