D would definitely be a gerund
Answer: Its b (throgh the claim that toby made parker more independent)
Explanation: I took the test (:
Definition of Preliminary
in preparation for the main matter
Example of Preliminary in a sentence
Though he passed the preliminary exam, further testing proved he was not ready to begin.
C) The Preamble explains the reasons why the leaders of the United States ordained the Constitution as America's guiding legal document.
:
Explanation:
