Answer:
-Some forces that may lead to supranationalism include economies of scale, trade agreements, military alliances, and transnational environmental challenges.
-Supranationalism is expressed in the creation of multinational organizations.
-Some forces that may lead to devolution of states include physical geography, ethnic separatism, terrorism, economic and social problems, and irredentism.
-Devolution is expressed in the fragmentation of states into autonomous regions (e.g., Nunavut, Native American Reservations), subnational political-territorial units (e.g., Spain, Belgium, Canada), or Balkanization (e.g., former Yugoslavia, the Caucasus).
-Advances in communication technology have facilitated devolution, supranationalism, and democratization.
Explanation:
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1933: New Deal / cooperative federalism / marble cake federalism cause a change in the makeup of the power balance between local, state and national goverment in the following way
Explanation:
- The United States moved from dual federalism to cooperative federalism in the 1930s. National programs would increase the size of the national government and may not be the most effective in local environments. Cooperative federalism does not apply to the Judicial branch of the government.
- Each level of government is dominant within its own sphere. ... Marble cake federalism – Conceives of federalism as a marble cake in which all levels of government are involved in a variety of issues and programs, rather than a layer cake, or dual federalism, with fixed divisions between layers or levels of government.
- As a theory, dual federalism holds that the federal and state governments both have power over individuals but that power is limited to separate and distinct spheres of authority, and each government is neither subordinate to nor liable to be deprived of its authority by the other.
- The first, dual federalism, holds that the federal government and the state governments are co-equals, each sovereign. In this theory, parts of the Constitution are interpreted very narrowly, such as the 10th Amendment, the Supremacy Clause, the Necessary and Proper Clause, and the Commerce Clause
- The advantages of this system are that it protects local areas and jurisdictions from the overreach of the federal government. The framers of the Constitution were afraid that the federal government would have too much power, and this system was a means of preventing that situation from developing.
- Historically, the definitive example of dual federalism is the United States. ... These states can check the federal government through judicial action. Europe, too, has a system of dual federalism, albeit set up with state traditions. The European Union (EU) is organized into a federalist government with limited powers.
He wanted to create ethical models for people and he made Confucianism.
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a. The pattern of the confirmation votes for the nominees shows that most nominees favor the president's political inclinations and thoughts, while those whose nominations were not confirmed happened when the Senate majority did not come from the president's party.
There are <em>no noticeable </em>exceptions to the pattern of the confirmation votes, which tend to indicate that the party in the majority in the Senate usually confirms the nominees more than the party in the minority.
b. The confirmation votes have always followed a predictable pattern. When the president's political party aligns with the Senate majority party, most nominees are confirmed, sometimes without much debate.
Thus, we can conclude that the president's political party and the majority party in the Senate always influence the confirmation of the nominees or their rejection, as the case may be.
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